The issue is each author may present the table in one of many manners. Most statistics books, and many reliability engineering books include a standard normal table in an appendix.
Standard normal table z scores pdf#
This means that if you can estimate the area under the PDF for a standard normal distribution, you can estimate the area under the PDF for a normal distribution with any mean or standard deviation. The standard normal has a mean of zero and standard deviation of one. By subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation for each point of in the dataset, the results have a standard normal distribution. The normal distribution has the very pleasant property that it can be normalized. There is no closed form solution for the integral of the normal distribution probability density function, it requires advanced numerical methods to estimate the area under the curve.
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